Let’s get physical
By Simon Bisson & Mary Branscombe in Editorial
Posted in Processors, Silicon, Software on
Nvidia has decided that the visual computing world needs a conference, and has taken over San Jose to deliver just that. It’s an odd event, with a high-level academic parallel processing track running alongside highly analytical business sessions - and what’s billed as the world’s largest LAN party filling one of the conference halls.
Games may have made Nvidia, but it’s the rest of the graphics industry that keeps it going. Simulation and CAD drive much of today’s industrial design, while complex financial calculations can be run on GPU-powered parallel processors. It’s not just black hole plasma dynamics - it’s also the models that help calculate how a fusion reactor will operate. According to Nvidia GPU computing is bringing supercomputing to the desks of the people who need it the most - for just the cost of a video card.
One of the keynotes showcased a NASCAR simulator used by drivers to hone their skills. On stage we heard a populist story of what it was like to be a driver, and what it was like to use simulation tools. Off stage we heard a more interesting story about how the simulator developers were looking at using the latest generation of GPUs in their application. The ability to use a GPU for parallel processing - and the availability of powerful hardware physiscs engines - has made them completely rethink their next generation, as the new hardware features mean that they can now work on making the simulation more realistic.
That’s what the drivers want. Asked what he really wanted from a simulator, Kyle Busch didn’t talk about new high-resolution graphics or realtime ray tracing. What he wanted was more accurate physical behaviours. In the real world passing on the left is different from passing on the right, while slipstreaming another car can change the performance dramatically. A simulation may look real, but without the physics it’s not realistic at all.
One plan for the next generation is to move away from the current car model, with only 6-degrees of freedom. Instead, it really needs 72 degrees, for all the hinge and flex points - all of which are changing dynamically. That’s where parallel processing comes in, as it allows a car to be modelled in real time, taking advantage of physics engines to turn those model calculations into real world behaviours. Improving the simulation will mean more (and happier) customers - as well as a continually improving model that can be shared with vehicle manufacturers.
It’s an approach that requires specialist processing that goes beyond the traditional CPU. Don’t confuse it with the death of the CPU, though. There will always be a place for the traditional CPU - it’s just that silicon technology has become ubiquitous enough for specialist hardware to offload processor intensive functions.
Need to encrypt something? Just use the hardware cryptosystem built into a TPM. Need to do thread intensive Java? Hook up an Azul network processing appliance. Need to do complex vector calculations on large amounts of data? Use a GPU. Nvidia’s CEO Jen-Hsen Huang talks about it as heterogenous computing, where the CPU handles tasks, and more specialised hardware handle the complex tasks that tax general purpose silicon.
Intel and AMD may still say that general purpose processors are just what the world needs - but they’re still investing in HyperTransport and QuickPath, the fast buses that specialised silicon needs. I wonder why they’re doing that, if specialised silicon is the dead end they say it is. Is there something about Moore’s Law they’re not telling us?
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IDF: Will SSD mean the end of 5GB free?
By Simon Bisson & Mary Branscombe in Editorial
Posted in Enterprise, Storage, Intel on
Cloud computing will shine on SSD, but your free storage might go away when it does.
The reason you get free storage on Gmail and SkyDrive and Mozy and flickr and all the other Web 2.0 services isn’t just to keep up with all the other Web 2.0 services. It isn’t just to draw in visitors who can see and click ads. It’s because when you use hard drives, especially cheap, consumer grade hard drives, to run your search engine on, the only way to make that storage fast enough is to leave most of it empty.
The hard drives that Google stacks together are never more than 25% full, because any more than that and the latency to get the information back off is just too slow to make the search effective and slap the ads on it. The other 75% is just sitting there spinning around on the platter and making you happy by putting your files on there for free makes sense.
You don’t need access often enough to slow down Google’s own accesses and Google can queue your request up to retrieve when it’s convenient - your Internet connection isn’t fast enough for you to notice.
SSD is still expensive, but it could save a lot of money for enterprises and Web services because it’s lower power. For a notebook PC you care about 15% longer battery life - if Intel’s figures carry over to real PCs; for a data centre, you care about Watts/IOPS and Intel is claiming SSD can offer six times the read performance using 98% less power and needing only 75% of the space - because you can put cooler drives closer together without space for fans and AC. That means SSD should quickly start to become common. But that could also mean the end of ever-increasing free online storage.
On the one hand, SSD is fast enough that latency is much less of a problem, so you don’t have to leave most of it empty. And on the other, it’s expensive enough that you don’t want to leave any of it empty.
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IDF: stress testing SSD
By Simon Bisson & Mary Branscombe in Editorial
Posted in Silicon, Storage, Hardware, Laptop, Intel on
Battery life? Performance? No, the important test Intel’s new SSD passes is known internally as P*ssmark
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More than just another Windows Mobile 6.1 3G GPS phone: MWg Zinc II
By Simon Bisson & Mary Branscombe in Editorial
Posted in Toys & gadgets, Windows Mobile, Mobile on
Never heard of MWg? You’re not alone, but you might want to hunt down the Zinc II. For one thing, it’s cheaper than the HTC Touch Pro or TyTN II although it has much the same features. For another, it’s stylish and surprisingly sleek for a phone with a full slide-out QWERTY keyboard.
I’ve been swapping between the Zinc II, the TyTN II and my trusty HTC Excalibur (better known as the T-Mobile Dash) in an effort to fulfill my new year’s resolution about always having navigation with me. Google Maps does very well at location on some phones, but on my Excalibur it’s far from accurate so I’m looking for GPS. And while EDGE is OK for quick searches, I want 3G - mainly so I can use the phone as a modem with my laptop. I know built-in 3G is always better, to the tune of 25% better bandwidth, but not every laptop I use has it. I want Windows Mobile 6.1 for two things; threaded text messages and being able to search my email on Exchange Server from the phone inbox. I have a US Samsung BlackJack II which might be ideal - it’s the closest to the size of the Excalibur so far - but it’s very thoroughly locked to its US carrier.
The TyTN II is a great phone - and as the Stella from O2 it comes with CoPilot, which is my favourite GPS tool - but it’s just a bit too big and slab-like for me personally. Plus the tilt action is great for viewing the screen, but it covers the two action buttons on the keyboard. The Zinc II is a little bit lighter, a little bit smaller and a lot sleeker, with a soft-touch easy-grip rubberized coating and a flush screen - it’s a very comfortable handful even for those of us with smaller hands. It also has a faster processor, which means the camera doesn’t make you wait an age to take your snap and it doesn’t get bogged down with lots of apps running in the background.
That’s handy as with the TouchFLO-style Quick Menu launching from what I expected to be the Start button, I found it easier to launch a new app than get back to the one I’d been using. Swiping your finger across the screen to turn between the pages of buttons and tapping to open apps is a good way to work in Windows Mobile Professional; my nails work pretty well instead of a stylus but menus are still pretty tiny.
Rated: 20% (1 votes)
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From new server, to new desktop
By Simon Bisson & Mary Branscombe in Editorial
Posted in Windows Vista, Microsoft on
Mary looked over at my desk the other day, and said, “Is the new server going to be that loud all the time?”
I looked at her in surpise. “What do you mean? It’s virtually silent.”
“So what are all those fans?”
“That’s my desktop…”
That was when I realised it was time to change the machine I used every day. Bought over five years ago, it was starting to struggle with the processing and graphics requirements of today’s desktop applications. I’d got used to the roar of the fans - but throwing more and more cooling at yesterday’s technology really wasn’t the answer. After all, it would just make the office noisier!
A little web research,and I’d found that my usual hardware component supplier was selling very nice looking PCs - with most of what I needed. I decided to be as future proof as possible, and ordered a quad-core Intel box, with plenty of USB ports, 750GB of hard disk, and 4GB of RAM. I picked up a hefty graphics card as well, all for a third of what I’d spent five years ago.
Setting up the machine was easy enough. It had come with XP Home, but I blew that away and went with a Vista Ultimate install. It wasn’t very long before I had the new box online, and hooked up to our office domain. All-in-all it was relatively painless, though I still miss the option of having an extended desktop rather than the traditional dual monitor approach.
It took me a couple of days to install all the applications I needed - with a couople of caveats. It’s important to make sure that you deactivate applications like Adobe’s CS3 or Apple’s iTunes (and that you’re careful to make sure you import all iPhone applications before doing a first sync on a new PC).
So what are my key applications? I keep a list in OneNote, so I don’t forget anything - and here a few key applications:
- Microsoft Office 2007 - I live in Outlook, OneNote and Word
- Visual Studio 2008 - My usual development tool
- Firefox 3 - What else for the web?
- Xobni - Simplifying my inbox and my correspondence
- Clipmate - Managing the Windows clipboard
- Paint.Net - Image editing for free
- Cardscan - I get a lot of business cards, and this gets them into theOutlook address book easily
- Avast! AV - One of the best free AV tools around, and my recommendation
- Adobe CS3 Web - Web design and image manipulation
- Alzip - A good, fast, free archive management tool
- Filezilla - The best free FTP tool around
- Multiplicity Pro - Controlling my laptop from my desktop keyboard and mouse
- Feed Demon - RSS reader
- Aptana Studio - A powerful (and free) JavaScript and AJAX development tool
Of course there’s more - there are clients for social media networks, and tools to manage files between desktop and server.
My files moved across quickly, and I’ve been using the new machine since Monday - and I turned the old desktop off at the end of Monday, and it’s not been on since. Four cores and a 512MB NVidia 9600GT are an ideal Vista platform, and the OS is running smoothly - and extremely fast.
One thing I’ve done, to make sure I use one of Vista’s best features, is turn off the Quick Launch tool bar. It’s making me use the search word wheel on the start menu a lot more - and that’s good.
The office? A lot quieter. I can now hear the fans on the NAS across the room.
–Simon
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Java’s SSVAGENT.EXE: training the monkey
By Simon Bisson & Mary Branscombe in Editorial
Posted in Web browser, Security, Internet on
If you run Vista and you’ve allowed Java to update itself recently, you’ll be getting an infuriating dialog box every time you open a new browser window, including a new tab or a popup window, saying that unsigned code wants to run and that it can’t run in protected mode (the low-rights mode that Internet Explorer uses). The SSVAGENT.EXE referred to is Java’s update agent, which runs every time the browser runs - and Sun apparently can’t tell the difference between a new Internet Explorer process and a new tab running in the existing process.
If you actually use any Java applets, you may also get an error telling you there are several Java Virtual Machines running.
It’s bad enough that Sun put out software without a digital signature proving where it comes from, the most basic security check on code for the end user. It’s equally annoying that the suggestion from Sun is that you just click ‘Allow’ every time until the bug gets fixed in Java 6 Update 10 (’officially released later this summer’) and that Internet Explorer doesn’t let me say ‘Don’t ever allow this to run’. But how about an update agent that runs every time you run your browser? That’s not very respectful of my resources, or my bandwidth. Other applications have periodic checks for updates and they only run when I’m not buys doing other things (Vista has an API for this, so even if you have umpteen different notification systems running, they can all find out when you’ve stopped to think or turned away to pick up the phone and do their updates, checks and maintenance without slowing you down). Why does Java need to check for updates so obsessively?
The Java control panel doesn’t think it needs to check that often; the default setting appears to be check monthly. So why does it hook into Internet Explorer to run the update agent all the time? Personally, I’m turning off the updater altogether. I can’t tell you exactly where the Java control panel hides itself; I couldn’t find anything in the All Programs list so I typed ‘Java’ into the search bar on the Vista Start menu and it offered me the Java control panel without having to dig for it. On the Update tab clear the check box for ‘Check for updates automatically’ and stick to your decision when Java asks if you won’t reconsider and click ‘Check Monthly’ instead because that’s the setting you started with. You may have to quit and restart Internet Explorer to prise Java’s hook out of the code and then you can go back to having browser windows open without a security warning that you train yourself to ignore.
That’s the problem with dialog boxes where it’s OK to just click yes, and one of the problems with Vista’s User Account Control. Any time there’s a dialog that’s in your way, the temptation is to click Yes just to get rid of it. Ask users if they want to do this unsafe thing, if they really want to, if they really really really want to and they’ll click Yes with less and less hesitation. Years of popups and confirmation dialogs have trained the user like a monkey in an experiment; click here and get what you want. But you have to have confirmation for some things (Format C:? Record Battlefield Earth? Delete your wedding photos? Install an application just because you clicked on a URL?).
The real problem is that the PC has no idea of context or common sense; I navigated to the home page for the Kevtris game by typing in the URL, so when I click the download link and then click Run I really do want to install the game, but if I clicked an ad link in my email and it goes straight to installing a Trojan I really don’t want to. The PC has to leave intelligent decisions up to the user, and that means dialog boxes and confirmations when there’s anything that could be suspicious. Not remembering to sign the code for your application? That’s either suspicious, downright penny-pinching ($25 for a certificate) or shows you don’t have a good sign-off process for your developers. Either way, yes, I do want my browser to warn me about you.
-Mary
Rated: 66.67% (6 votes)
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Spam Fighting in Exchange
By Simon Bisson & Mary Branscombe in Editorial
How can you fight spam with one of the most common email servers out there? After all, surely that should mean it’s an easy play for the spammers, with enough holes to get every V1agr4 advert and pump-and-dump scam into your users’ mailboxes.
It turns out it isn’t - and that the built-in tools are effective spam blockers.
If you’re not using Exchange 2007 Content Filter (or Exchange 2007’s Intelligent Message Filter) turn them on. This is one of the most effective weapons in your arsenal. It’s regularly updated, and it scans messages for common spam formats. Mesages are categorised and given spam ratings, which you can use to reject, quarantine, or file messages in users’ Junk Mail folders. CF is surprisingly easy to use - set it up, set the basic filtering rules, and then occasionaly check your quarantine mail box for false positives.
Exchange 2007 has even added whitelisting for persistently filtered false positives. Once a domain is whitelisted, there’s no more delving in the spam folders for Twitter invites or press releases from Kaspersky and Sophos.
I’d been running my server like that for some time, when I discovered another trick that turned out to make a huge difference. Exchange actually supports using real-time block lists (RBLs), which are lists of spam IP addresses hosted by services like SpamCop and Spamhaus. It’s trivially easy to add new block lists to Exchange - just find the lookup address on the block list site (Spamhaus’ is zen.spamhaus.org), and add it and the provider name in the Block List Provider section of Exchange’s anti-spam tools.
Without RBL support turned on I was getting 500 or so spam messages in my quarantine a day, making it hard to filter out the few false positives. With it on, I’m down to less than 100. Managing my spam is a lot easier - and with whitelisting, I’m having to look in the spam folder a lot less often…
–Simon
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Bignums
By Simon Bisson & Mary Branscombe in Editorial
Posted in Enterprise, Storage on
Did you ever have one of those days when everything seemed to be getting bigger?
I recently put the largest machine we’ve ever had onto our office network. A 64-bit server, with 6GB of RAM and 1TB of disk, it’s taken on the role of handling all our mail and files. When a new desktop PC arrives later this week, there’ll be over 7TB of storage on this small office network.
Just a couple of years ago we were surprised if we had more than 500GB of storage in an office. Turning back the clock still further, I helped design a UK-scale photo storage service, where we had a hierarchical storage system with a whole 3TB of spinning disk and 30TB of fast tape. Today’s fast external drives are making that architecture obsolete - our new server is using eSATA to do a whole server backup onto a 500GB drive. That back up? It only takes 30 minutes…
Outside out office the usual run of press releases seem focused on delivering larger and larger numbers. Cuil’s leaked launch (and the claimed size of its index) led Google to claim that it had indexed over 1 trillion web pages. That’s a pretty big number - 10 to the power of 12. It’s also the approximate number of bacteria living on the human body.
Closer to home, BT is claiming that it’s hooked up just under 17 million homes with broadband connections. It turns out that there aren’t many more homes to be connected, with broadband analysts Point Topic suggesting there are only around a million households that can migrate to broadband left - and around 9.6 million that don’t have internet access at all. The days of massive growth in broadband are behind us now, and what was a luxury is rapidly becoming a commodity. It would be interesting to see the spreadhseets at BT, as the company juggles the numbers to see how it can make money from running the data pipes.
After all, there’s plenty of scope for bringing the world online. Gartner recently suggested that there were over a billion PCs in use around the world (and soon there’ll be a billion transistors in each processor, thanks to Intel). While getting to a billion PCs in 30 years may seem a lot, there’ll be another billion in just 6 years, thanks to 12% annual growth. There
’s a lot of scope for significant social change here, as the emerging world (and especially the BRIC nations) start coming on line. The anglophile web will become just a part of a global, multi-lingual web - after all, even without the iPhone, China Mobile subscribers use more mobile data than any other network.
With all those machines, and all that information out there, there’s an issue of managing the information - and manging the storage it requires. The BBC has just such a problem.
The archive is currently managing about 700,000 digital items, with most of it still on discrete media (digital video tape, CDs, DVDs). There are about 280,000 actual master files, digitised from U-Matic video and 1/4″ audio originals, and from magnetic sound tracks. Then there are 60,000 viewing-quality video files, but these are held on CD-ROM in anticipation of a mass storage system. Overall they’re managing 12 petabytes, mainly on digital videotape - with a growth rate of about 400 terabytes a year, mainly on digital videotape.
If the numbers in your office are getting to big, be glad you’re not dealing with any of the really big numbers out there!
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