Cyber security: Security awareness can't be just a one off

Creating an effective security culture is very different to a security project such as putting in a new firewall, intrusion detection, or data loss prevention software , which is often viewed as "deploy and forget". Security awareness is cumulative, with one set of measures building on others. And it has to be ongoing, because people come and go and the security threat continues to develop.

Roer compares cyber security to physical safety, an area where businesses have succeeded in reducing risks. Physical safety is, of course, more obvious than cyber safety.

"Cyber security is adding one level of abstraction," says Roer. "In physical safety we feel it straight away." But safety teams have achieved their results, not just by raising awareness, but also through measurements. "Safety measures behaviour and sets clear targets," he says. "They include the whole organisation, and use targets and activities to take them to that goal."

Awareness months, or even days, can add value Roer says. But to be most effective, organisations need to measure what they have learned, feed that back, and build on it. It's certainly not enough to formulate a security plan, then put it on the shelf until this time next year.

Stephen Pritchard is a contributing editor at IT Pro.